Tramadol side effects include many of the gastrointestinal
side effects associated with other opioid agonists including constipation, nausea,
vomiting, dyspepsia and occasionally diarrhea. These are due to the opioid mu receptors
in the GI tract that lead to increased stimulation of the circular muscles and
decreased stimulation of the longitudinal muscles of the colon wall. This leads to
poor propulsive effect of the bowel content and increased churning of the bowel
content, as well as causing dryer and firmer stool, and slower transit time.
It can also lead to decreased feeling of fullness in the distal colon and reduced urge
to defecate. Non GI tramadol side effects that are common include somnolence,
itching, dizziness, sweating and flushing.
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